In humans, VEGF is implicated in the etiology of serious reproductive disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome, and in this syndrome, elevated VEGF may interact with its receptors, such as Flk-1/KDR, in the affected ovaries, preventing granulosa cell apoptosis and the resultant follicle atresia, thus contributing to the growth and persistence of a large number of follicles [45]. The gene discussed is KDR; the disease is polycystic ovary syndrome.