Therefore, reduced levels of expression of TIMP3 in this study verifies the findings of Stamey et al (2001), who identified reduced levels of TIMP3 expression by microarray analysis (in prostate tumour samples compared with benign prostatic hyperplasia) and those of Yamanaka et al (2003) who found hypermethylation of the TIMP3 gene promoter (resulting in repressed expression). The gene discussed is TIMP3; the disease is benign prostatic hyperplasia.