In total, 27/205 (13.2%) scleroderma patients (mean 0.7 ± 1.3 RU) and 3/40 (7.5%) PM patients (mean 1.0 ± 1.1 RU) tested positive, while 3/114 (2.6%) patients with SLE and 2/48 (4.2%) patients with HCV infection had anti-PM1-α antibodies. Here, TMEM11 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.