Considering this background, the question which is the oncogene targeted by 6p22 amplifications in bladder cancer and the specific issue of the role of ID4 have to be approached with due caution, since in each individual case the amplicon may be influenced by random factors such as the location of an initiating double-strand break and structural factors such as preferred sites of breakage of dicentric chromosomes arising during breakage-fusion-bridge cycles. Here, ID4 is linked to urinary bladder carcinoma.