These include in the N-SEM (EC) group, CBS and DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 3 beta (DNMT3B), and in the SEM group, LBP-9, KIT, TCL1A, FRCP2 and MMP9. It is important, however, to keep in mind that Sperger et al identified genes specific for TGCT-derived cell lines compared to somatic cell lines and normal testis, whereas we compared expression in SEM and N-SEM against their precursor CIS cells. This evidence concerns the gene MMP9 and in situ carcinoma.