Comparing the expression of angiogenic markers between the groups of DCIS with (n=104) vs DCIS without (n=96) coexisting invasive carcinoma revealed that expression of VEGF-C, KDR, Flt-4, and ETAR was significantly more frequent in pure DCIS than in DCIS with an adjacent invasive carcinoma (Table 2). The gene discussed is KDR; the disease is ductal breast carcinoma in situ.