In this study, VEGF-C and Flt-4, established mediators of angiogenesis (Cao et al, 1998; Valtola et al, 1999) and in particular of lymphangiogenesis (Jeltsch et al, 1997; Kinoshita et al, 2001), were expressed in the tumour cells of the majority of DCIS specimens (88 and 95%, respectively). Here, VEGFC is linked to neoplasm.