The average expression levels of 10 (IGF-2, E1AF, iNOS, Rho GDIβ, GSTP1, c-jun, ECGF1, nm23, Smad4, and TIMP-1) of the 32 genes were significantly higher in the early invasive carcinoma group than in the adenoma group. Here, TIMP1 is linked to invasive carcinoma.