Our previous studies demonstrated four biological markers, including thymidylate synthase (TS) (Huang et al, 2000), vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), VEGF-C (Nakashima et al, 2004), and E (epithelial)-cadherin (Liu et al, 2001), to be significant prognostic factors for NSCLC patients. Here, TYMS is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.