PROS1 and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma): Based on our findings it can also be speculated that a high incidence of cutaneous melanomas and atypical melanocytic nevi in patients with hereditary neurofibroma, astrocytoma, glioma, meningioma, and other neuronal tumors [50], may also arise due to the expression or suppression of specific embryonic stem cell proteins in these cells.