Concerning HIV-1 infection and replication, some potentially important proteins that have not been previously characterized with respect to HIV-1 and thus necessitate further study, seem to be the CAP-binding protein complex interacting protein, tropomyosin 2 beta, BTG3, the IL-10R, PPGB, and cathepsins Z and L2 [see Additional File 4 and Tables 1 &2]. Here, CTSZ is linked to HIV-1 infection.