TP53 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Furthermore, several cellular factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of HCC (e.g., TP53 (p53; Feitelson, 1998), CTNNB1 (β-catenin; Prange et al, 2003), RB1 (retinoblastoma; Zhang et al, 1994), COX2 (cyclooxygenase-2; Kern et al, 2002b), IGF2 (insulin-like growth factor-II; Breuhahn et al, 2004), and CDH1 (E-cadherin; Matsumura et al, 2001)).