In children not infected with HIV, the combined outcome of CXR-confirmed pneumonia plus CRP ≥120 mg/l plus procalcitonin ≥5 ng/ml (VAR = 37) identified 5.3-fold more cases of pneumonia that were prevented by vaccination than was identified by bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (VAR = 7) and 4.1-fold more cases than was identified by vaccine-serotype-specific bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (VAR = 9). The gene discussed is CRP; the disease is pneumococcal pneumonia.