To date, three strong candidates are known, RNASEL at 1q25 (Carpten et al, 2002), ELAC2 at 17p11 (Tavtigian et al, 2001) and MSR1 at 8p22 (Xu et al, 2002), each having been identified with germline mutations in prostate cancer families. The gene discussed is RNASEL; the disease is prostate carcinoma.