IL4 and familial pancreatic carcinoma: In view of the abundant production of IL-4 by activated T-lymphocytes, the proclivity of pancreatic cancer to metastasise and to avoid cancer-directed immune mechanisms, this project aimed to characterise the effects of IL-4 and neutralising IL-4 antibodies on the growth of cultured human pancreatic cancer cells, the expression and secretion of IL-4 by human pancreatic cancer cells, and IL-4-dependent signalling pathways.