In the liver, IUGR led to a 20% increase in baseline tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha mRNA expression (p < 0.03) and a 70% increase in interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) mRNA expression (p < 0.008) as compared to the control rats (CM/CP; n = 7). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is fetal growth restriction.