FAS and alcohol drinking: The committee members proposed a diagnostic classification system with five categories: (1) FAS with confirmed maternal alcohol exposure, (2) FAS without confirmed maternal alcohol exposure, (3) partial FAS with confirmed maternal alcohol exposure, (4) ARBD with a history of maternal alcohol exposure, and (5) alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND) with a history of maternal alcohol exposure (Stratton et al. 1996).