All 3 breast cancer cell lines expressed u-PA and u-PAR (Fig. 4A; ZR-75-1 cells shown, results similar with all 3 breast cancer cell lines) and upon stimulation with TGFβ there was increased expression of both u-PA and u-PAR by the breast cancer cells (Fig. 4B; ZR-75-1 cells shown, results similar with all 3 breast cancer cell lines). Here, PLAUR is linked to breast cancer.