GNRH1 and neoplasm: Recently, the results of five comparative trials of adjuvant hormonal therapy using GnRH agonists alone (Schmid et al, 2002; Kaufmann et al, 2003) or in combination with tamoxifen (Boccardo et al, 2000; Roche et al, 2000; Jakesz et al, 2001), vs cytotoxic chemotherapy have shown at least equivalence of effect in premenopausal women with ER-positive tumours; therefore, the ovarian suppression may represent a valid alternative to chemotherapy at least for patients with low–moderate risk.