TGFB1 and systemic sclerosis: In the present study, we measured the expression of MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), an inhibitor of MMP-9, in the sera and culture supernatants of dermal fibroblasts from SSc patients and compared them with serum concentrations of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and with clinical and laboratory parameters of SSc.