Among these genes, mainly involved in protein turnover and in cell signaling and communication, two genes, encoding CDC27Hs protein and interferon γ antagonist, were strongly up-regulated and the expression of three more genes (those encoding integrin αE, vimentin, and transmembrane protein SEX) was less intensely up-regulated in two of the three RA FLSs. This evidence concerns the gene VIM and rheumatoid arthritis.