We express our gratitude to Dr Hsing-Jien Kung for critical reading of the manuscript, to Drs Ming-Derg Lai and Hsiao-Sheng Liu of National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Taiwan for supplying bladder tumour cell lines and anti-H-ras antibody, NIH3T3 cells, and Clone 2-12 cells, respectively, and to Drs Chi-Ying F Huang, Chih-Yang Huang, Tzeng-Horng Leu, and Jer-Yuh Liu for providing reagents or expert technical assistance. Here, HRAS is linked to urinary bladder neoplasm.