Microarray analysis of both androgen dependent and independent tumour xenografts (Amler et al, 2000; Mousses et al, 2001) and human prostate cancer samples (LaTulippe et al, 2002) during disease progression has identified several candidate targets, including the AR itself, for prostate cancer therapy and diagnosis associated with the androgen independent phenotype. Here, AR is linked to Familial prostate cancer.