HOXB13 and prostate carcinoma: To establish experimentally that the HOXB13 gene is specifically upregulated in malignant and normal prostate cancer, we used quantitative RT–PCR to assess levels of HOXB13 transcripts in 37 primary prostate cancer specimens, 16 samples of adjacent normal prostate, four samples of normal prostate from individuals who did not have prostate cancer and 12 nonprostate normal tissues.