We therefore quantified gene expression by oligonucleotide microarrays of adult lung fibroblasts (derived from biopsies of normal and both idiopathic and scleroderma-associated pulmonary fibrosis) in response to TGFβ, and identified several novel TGFβ targets among the wide variety of genes regulated by this cytokine. Here, TGFB1 is linked to scleroderma.