Under conditions of hypoxia in many cancers, HIF-1α cannot be degraded and increases in the nucleus, leading to the upregulation of many hypoxia-response proteins, such as VEGF or EG-VEGF and carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) (Pastorekova et al, 1992; Opavsky et al, 1996; Wykoff et al, 2000; Loncaster et al, 2001; Hui et al, 2002). The gene discussed is CA9; the disease is cancer.