TP53 and sexually transmitted disease: However, there may also be a role for host genetic polymorphisms, such as those affecting TP53 (Klug et al, 2001) or local host immunity (Cuzick et al, 2000; Maciag et al, 2000), and/or environmental factors such as smoking, local hormonal effects and other sexually transmitted diseases (Kjellberg et al, 2000).