CYP2A6 and Nephropathy: Dietary Cd and Pb exposure at the levels experienced by the subjects in the present study is associated with variation in hepatic CYP2A6 phenotypic expression and signs of mild nephropathy, detectable at the renal Cd concentrations of approximately 1–2 μg/g creatinine, corresponding to renal concentrations ≤50 μg/g kidney cortex.