In patients with type 2 diabetes, a simple and modest lowering of the GI compared to an otherwise similar diet led to dramatic changes: a normalized PAI-1 activity (-54 percent, P < 0.001) as well as lowering of both blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations by 30 percent, and a 29 percent decrease in LDL-C [253]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.