Although human lung macrophages are not known to express CXCR3, we suspected based on the immunohistochemical localization of this chemokine receptor that CD14+ cells in the lungs of ex-smoker individuals with emphysema accounted for much of the total lung CXCR3+ immunoreactivity (Figure 2A; data not shown). This evidence concerns the gene CXCR3 and pulmonary emphysema.