The outcome of HIV-infected patients with PCP is a complex issue, with multiple factors affecting death, including those related to the patient (e.g., age), the patient’s overall health status (e.g., serum albumin), the underlying HIV/AIDS (e.g., coexisting opportunistic infections or conditions), and, of course, those specific factors related to PCP (e.g., disease severity, presence of respiratory failure, need for mechanical ventilation, and development of serious complications such as pneumothorax). The gene discussed is ALB; the disease is pneumothorax.