Thus EPA, which prevents nuclear migration of NF-κB in murine myotubes in response to PIF by stabilising the cytosolic I-κB/NF-κB complex (Whitehouse and Tisdale, 2003), possibly by interfering with I-κB phosphorylation (Novak et al, 2003), has been shown to attenuate the development of further weight loss in weight-losing patients with pancreatic cancer (Wigmore et al, 2000) and produce an increase in lean body mass when combined with a high protein energy dense nutritional supplement (Barber et al, 1999). This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and pancreatic neoplasm.