CD38 and diabetes mellitus: The mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ caused by the CD38/cADPR/NAADP axis has been implicated in a variety of physiological and pathological processes including insulin secretion and diabetes [14], myometrial contractility and pregnancy [15], airway smooth muscle contractility and hyperreactivity [16], vascular smooth muscle contraction [17], osteoclast activity [18], and the functions of the immune [19], renal [20] and exocrine gland [21] systems.