Together with previous reports that TGF-β is distributed in stromal inflammatory cells including granulocytes as well as cancer cells (Roberts et al, 1986; Assoian et al, 1987), it seems reasonable to regard that the predominant source of high levels of TGF-β may be infiltrating neutrophil, though bulk tumoral TGF-β should be accumulation of that from neutrophils, eosinophils and cancer cells. Here, TGFB1 is linked to cancer.