CSF3 and acute myeloid leukemia: Smith et al, however, also found an excess incidence of acute myeloid leukaemias and myelodysplastic syndrome to be associated with therapy in those patients who received doxorubicin combined with intensified cyclophosphamide doses (requiring granulocyte colony-stimulating factor support) when compared with those who received doxorubicin combined with cyclophosphamide therapy at the standard dose.