López de Cerain et al (1999) observed similar levels of P450R expression in normal lung and lung tumours. In this study, a higher level of P450R was observed in the normal tissue compared to the RCC. Henderson et al (2003) have recently reported an almost five-fold increase in P450 levels in P450R knockout mice, although the mechanism of action is unknown. This evidence concerns the gene POR and renal cell adenocarcinoma.