Comparison of the calculated mRNA amounts in each group revealed only slight changes in PAI-1 mRNA (MEnormal breast tissue: 22.12–24.8 ng; MElow-grade DCIS: 19.46–22.48 ng; MEhigh-grade DCIS: 24.58–33.72 ng). Here, SERPINE1 is linked to ductal breast carcinoma in situ.