EEF1D and neoplasm: Joseph et al (2002) indicated that overexpression of EF-1 delta protein by transfection was oncogenic in NIH3T3 cells, as evidenced by the appearance of transformed foci exhibiting anchorage-independent growth and the potential to grow as tumours in nude mice. They also demonstrated that cell transformation and tumorigenesis induced by cadmium are due, at least in part, to the overexpression of EF-1 delta. Lei et al (2002) found that blocking EF-1 delta with antisense mRNA resulted in a significant reversal of its oncogenic potential.