In addition, expression of two proinflammatory cytokines, IL-8 and TNF-α, known to be expressed by NB cell lines (Nitta et al, 1994; Yang et al, 1994), and of two anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-10 and TGF-β1, known to inhibit antitumour responses (Hsieh et al, 2000) was not modified by IFN-γ gene transfection (data not shown). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neuroblastoma.