Since there is evidence that the expression of hsp-27 blocks apoptosis induced by a wide range of stimuli (Richards et al, 1996) and protects tumour cells against the apoptotic effects of TNF-α (Wang et al, 1996), a likely mechanism is by imparting resistance to apoptosis and then by maintaining those particular populations of epithelial cells of enhanced malignant potential. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is neoplasm.