As discussed in detail in a recent publication of Survivin expression in breast carcinomas, as well as in several intracellular localisation studies of Survivin protein, multiple pools of Survivin exist within transformed cells and these likely have different functions (Fortugno et al, 2002; Mahotka et al, 2002b; Kennedy et al, 2003). This evidence concerns the gene BIRC5 and breast carcinoma.