Second, tumour specimens from a cohort of patients with detailed clinical outcome treated in a phase II trial of carbogen and nicotinamide (Hoskin et al, 1999) in the radical radiotherapy of bladder cancer, have been reviewed and stained with GLUT1, CAIX, Ki-67 and the combined vascular markers CD31 and CD34. Here, MKI67 is linked to urinary bladder cancer.