To determine the combined effect of CD40 activation and GM-CSF production on the maturation and the stability of the DC phenotype over time, we transduced CML-DC with untargeted or CD40-targeted Ad-GM-CSF or Ad encoding the carcinoma-embryonic antigen as a control vector (Ad-CEA). The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive.