Patients with MUC1-positive tumours develop both humoral and cellular immune responses against determinants on the MUC1 antigen from malignant cells as measured by in vitro parameters (Jerome et al, 1991; Rughetti et al, 1993; Kotera et al, 1994; Domenech et al, 1995; Hamanaka et al, 2003). This evidence concerns the gene MUC1 and neoplasm.