More recently, we have demonstrated upregulation of integrin expression (specifically α3, α4 and β1 integrin subunits) within 24 h of TNF-α exposure for the HBL melanoma cells (Zhu et al, 2002) associated with TNF-α stimulated increased invasion through fibronectin – an effect largely blocked by α-MSH. Here, STAMBP is linked to melanoma.