In primary hepatocytes and the human cancer cell line Hep G2, PIF has been shown to activate the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) resulting in the increased production of interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein, and the decreased production of transferrin (Watchorn et al, 2001). The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is cancer.