This suggests that EPA also affects a downstream pathway involved in induction of proteasome expression by 15(S)-HETE, possibly a nuclear transcription factor, since Ross et al (1999) have shown that in the pancreatic cancer cell line, MiaPaCa 2, exposed to EPA for 2 h prior to a pulse of TNF-α, I-κBα was preserved, suggesting an effect of EPA in stabilising the NF-κB complex in the cytoplasm. This evidence concerns the gene NFKBIA and familial pancreatic carcinoma.