We have investigated whether RMS samples without PAX-FKHR fusion genes may have elevated levels of wild-type PAX3 or PAX7 expression, which might be implicated in tumorigenesis or indicate cellular origin of the tumour, and have found that elevated PAX3 expression levels are independent of RMS subtype or presence of a PAX3/7-FKHR fusion gene. This evidence concerns the gene FOXO1 and neoplasm.