STK11 and cancer: Olschwang et al (2001) recently reported a high frequency of proximal bile duct adenocarcinomas in PJS who did not carry LKB1/STK11 mutations. Similarly, Boardman et al (2000) reported a high frequency of cancer in this group of patients, although no cases of bile duct cancers were observed. In our study, we had few familial cases not caused by LKB1/STK11 mutations to enable us to compute a separate estimate of risk for noncarriers.