S100A4 and cancer: Several studies have associated the S100A4 protein with increased metastatic capacity of cancer cells (Davies et al, 1993; Mælandsmo et al, 1996; Levett et al, 2002), and more recently a correlation between the level of S100A4 protein and prognostic outcome has been reported in various types of cancer (lung gall bladder, oesophageal, gastric, breast and colon) (Kimura et al, 2000; Rudland et al, 2000; Yonemura et al, 2000; Ninomiya et al, 2001; Gongoll et al, 2002; Nakamura et al, 2002).