Since E-cadherin has been reported to act as an inhibitor of β-catenin/TCF-mediated transcription by sequestering β-catenin at the plasma membrane (Stockinger et al, 2001) and loss of E-cadherin to be frequent in TCC (Rieger et al, 1995), the differences in WNT/β-catenin signalling between the TCC lines could be related to E-cadherin expression. This evidence concerns the gene HNF4A and tarsal-carpal coalition syndrome.